The Parisian club has now secured the season-opening trophy on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the French league winners and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring early on.
However, Marseille struck twice late to seize a surprise lead. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.